1 - Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central
2 - Centro Clínico Académico de Lisboa
3 - CHRC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa
- Poster em congresso internacional: European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) Annual Congress 2023
Background: Controlling asthma symptoms is an important goal of asthma treatment. Despite advances in recent years, such as the availability of diagnostic tests, new treatments and guidelines, asthma control remains a challenge, as non-adherence and comorbidities can jeopardise this goal. Obstructive sleep apnoea is considered one of these comorbidities, although its assessment is often overlooked. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and poor asthma control in a third-level hospital.
Methods: From 1 January to 31 December 2022, we enrolled 212 asthma patients (with an A2 score ( 2) who were treated in our allergy department. All patients answered a standardised questionnaire with information on general health, asthma control (ACT), obstructive sleep apnoea (Berlin questionnaire) and treatment adherence (Measure of Treatment Adherence scale). Spirometry with bronchodilation was performed in all participants. For data analysis, we used logistic regression.
Results: We included 216 participants (70% women) with a mean age of 33 (SD:13.6) years; 26% did not have their asthma under control, 21% had OSA and 29% were GINA step 4/5. Of the different variables included in the multivariable analysis (sex, age, OSA, BMI, smoking habits, LLN of spirometric parameters, adherence to asthma treatment, GINA asthma severity and allergy sensitisation), the following remained significant for uncontrolled asthma: being women (OR: 4.03; CI95%: 1.44-11.12, p-value=0.008), asthma severity (OR: 2.10; CI95%: 0.99-4.51; p-value=0.054) and high risk for OSA (OR: 3.44; CI95%: 1.39-8.54, p-value = 0.008).
Conclusion: In our sample, obstructive sleep apnoea was a high-risk factor for uncontrolled asthma in adults and should be investigated.
Palavras Chave: Astmha, obstructive sleep apnoea, risk factor