1 - Serviço de Radiologia, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisboa
2 - Serviço de Radiologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Algarve, Faro
- Apresentação em reunião institucional no serviço de Radiologia (apresentação final de estágio de Radiologia Pediátrica – Março 2022);
- Apresentação sob forma de poster electrónico em reunião internacional – ESPR 2022 56th Annual Meeting – 06/06/2022 – 10/06/2022;
Purpose
- To overview congenital lung malformations, according to their onset during the process of fetal lung development.
- To illustrate characteristic imaging appearances of common congenital lung malformations in various imaging modalities, approaching their differential diagnosis.
- To discuss the clinical significance and prognosis of the presented entities.
Material and Methods
We performed a pictorial review of congenital lung malformations in the paediatric population studied in both our institutions, regarding the antenatal e postnatal periods.
Results
We review the most important features of embryological lung development, as we consider them essential to understand the radiological appearances and clinical prognosis of congenital lung anomalies. In this work, we depict several cases of congenital lung malformations, such as abnormal lung with normal vasculature (congenital pulmonary airway malformation, congenital lobar hyperinflation, bronchial atresia, bronchial cyst…), abnormal vasculature and normal lung (arteriovenous malformation) and lesions with both parenchyma and vascular abnormalities (pulmonary sequestration, scimitar syndrome). We used a multimodality imaging approach, including plain radiography, ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance. This approach improves the detection and characterization of congenital lung malformations during both antenatal and postnatal periods. We discuss the most relevant imaging features of the depicted congenital lung malformations, as well as their main differential diagnoses.
Conclusions
Imaging plays a central role in the detection of congenital lung malformations, as their clinical presentation is widely variable, ranging from an incidental finding on chest x-ray to severe respiratory distress at birth. Technical imaging advances in recent years, especially in computer tomography and magnetic resonance, have improved the detection and characterisation of congenital lung malformations.
Palavras Chave: Congenital, Lung, Malformations, Neonatal, Radiology