1- Pedopsiquiatria, Área da Mulher, Criança e Adolescente, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisboa
- Póster apresentado no 33rd ECNP Congress. Virtual, 12 a 15 de setembro de 2020.
- Reunião internacional
Resumo:
Introduction: It is known that children are particularly vulnerable to the effects of substance abuse by parents and there is strong evidence for the existence of harmful effects for children.
Objectives: To review the impact of parental alcohol and/or drug high-risk consumption pattern or with formal criteria for abuse and/or dependence, on the development of substance use by children and youth (aged ≤ 18 years).
Methods: Bibliographic research of the international literature with no restriction on the date of publication or country of origin, using the PubMed, Web of Science and b-on databases. The research was done in English, using the keywords “abuse”, “dependence”, “misuse”, “addictive behavior”, “drugs”, “alcohol”, “substance”, “children”, “adolescent”, “fathers”, “mothers”, “parents”. The research was also complemented by cross-referencing. The studies where selected based on their relevance and the results are presented in a narrative form.
Results: We revised evidence searching for articles which examined onset, frequency, levels of intoxication and problematic use. There is substantial evidence that parental alcohol high-risk consumption, abuse and/or dependence influences children’s own substance use. It seems that having two parents who are harmful alcohol users significantly increases this risk. Some studies disagree as to whether the mothers’ or fathers’ alcohol use has the highest effect upon child substance use. Some studies found varying effect depending upon the gender of the child. Regarding the impact of drug high-risk consumption, abuse and/or dependence by parents, there are fewer studies that see this impact alone and most have evaluated cannabis use in young people. A history of familial substance-use disorder contributed significantly to an increased risk of trying cannabis in early adolescence. It also seems that the use of infantile cocaine is associated with the current use of cocaine by the caregiver.
Conclusions: We found convincing evidence that parental substance high-risk consumption, abuse and/or dependence influences the appearing of substance misuse in the children of these parents. Parental substance high-risk consumption, abuse and/or dependence increase the probability that their children will use substances, use them regularly and experience substance problems. And if both parents are substance misusers, the likelihood that their children will use/misuse substances is higher.
Palavras Chave: abuso, adolescentes, crianças, dependência, pais