1 - Médica interna de Pedopsiquiatria, Área de Pedopsiquiatria, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, EPE, Lisboa.
2 - Assistente Hospitalar de Psiquiatria, Área de Psiquiatria, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisboa; Professor Auxiliar de Psiquiatria da Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisboa.
- Publicação sob forma integral na revista “Advances in eating disorders: theory, research and practice”, em Maio de 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21662630.2016.1175958.
Resumo:
Introduction: In clinical practice, insomnia is a common feature in anorexia nervosa (AN). Sleep self-reports in AN suggest that these patients report poor sleep quality and reduced total sleep time. Weight loss, starvation and malnutrition can all affect sleep. Patients with eating disorders who have sleep disturbances have more severe symptomatology.
Objectives: The authors intend to review sleep disturbances observed in AN, describe possible pathophysiological mechanisms and evaluate the clinical impact of sleep disturbances on the treatment and prognosis of the disease.
Material and methods: In this study, a non- systematic search of published literature from January 1970 and August 2015 was carried out, through PubMed, using the following key words: ‘sleep’, ‘anorexia nervosa’ and ‘insomnia’.
Results: These patients subjectively report having poor sleep quality, with difficulty falling asleep, interrupted sleep, early morning waking or reduced total sleep time. Sleep disturbances found in AN using polysomnography are: reduction in total sleep time, decrease in slow wave sleep, slow wave activity and reduced sleep efficiency. Conclusions; Privation of adequate and restful sleep has a negative impact on the quality of life of patients, may contribute to the appearance of comorbidities, such as depression and anxiety, and to a poor prognosis for AN.
Palavras Chave: Anorexia nervosa; sleep; polysomnography; insomnia; feeding behaviour